Tuesday, September 2, 2014

Trees in Marshes and Swamps

By Liliana Usvat
Blog 227-365

Marsh

A marsh is a type of wetland that is dominated by herbaceous rather than woody plant species.Marshes can often be found at the edges of lakes and streams, where they form a transition between the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. They are often dominated by grasses, rushes or reeds.
 
A marsh, also called a "wetland," is one of our most important habitats. Marshes probably support more life than any other type of habitat. They are also essential to keeping our environment  clean.

The best known characteristic of a wetland, water levels change constantly in a marsh. One or more sources of water feeds a marsh, usually a river or several smaller streams. As water comes into the marsh it settles into the soil and is later absorbed by plants. While most of the marsh remains fairly shallow, it holds some wa

Water-loving shrubs and trees include willows
 

, alders,


 sycamores, 














buttonbush,
 

 and swamp rose. 





You only need to find a dry spot to see the usual grasses, wildflowers, and trees found in other habitats.ter year round.

Swamps
 

If woody plants are present they tend to be low-growing shrubs. This form of vegetation is what differentiates marshes from other types of wetland such as swamps, which are dominated by trees, and mires, which are wetlands that have accumulated deposits of acidic peat.



Coniferous swamps are forested wetlands in which the dominant trees are lowland conifers such as northern white cedar.













 
Mangroves are various types of trees up to medium height and shrubs that grow ... mangrove swamp  Mangroves are various types of trees up to medium height and shrubs that grow in saline coastal sediment habitats in the tropics and subtropics – mainly between latitudes 25° N and 25° S. The remaining mangrove forest areas of the world in 2000 was 53,190 square miles (137,760 km²) spanning 118 countries and territories.














Bald Cypress (Taxodium distichum). Along the edges of strand swamps and in isolated depressions fed by nutrient poor ground water, Pond Cypress (Taxodium ascendans) is most frequently found. Many botanists treat Pond Cypress as a variety of Bald Cypress, instead of as a distinct species, but it differs in ecology.

 
Restoration

Some areas of the world have already lost 90% of their wetlands, including marshes. They have been drained to create agricultural land or filled to accommodate urban sprawl. 

Restoration is the process of returning marshes to the landscape to replace those lost in the past.Restoration can be done on a large scale, such as by allowing rivers to flood naturally in the spring, or on a small scale by returning wetlands to urban landscapes.

Friday, August 29, 2014

Trees that heal Maple, Hawthorne and Elm

By Liliana Usvat

Blog 226-365


Maple – A leaf wound wash or poultice is used to relieve sore eyes and soreness of the breasts for nursing mothers and pregnant women. Bark tea is used to treat kidney infections, the common cold and bronchitis.




Most maples are trees growing to 10–45 m (33–148 ft) height. 


Hawthorne – Leaf tea is brewed as a “cardiac tonic” but extended use is known to cause a drop in blood pressure. It is recommended to use it for just two weeks and then take a week off before starting the treatment again.


Hawthorn is an excellent small tree with a widespreading plant form. It has 2-3" clusters of white flowers in spring. Fruit are a bright red, 3/4" pome. They are produced in masses and provide excellent color in late summer and early fall. Foliage is dark green and very glossy. Typical plants of the species have many sharp, 3" long thorns. The tree provides a distinct horizontal accent in the landscape

hawthorn fruit and flowers have medicinal properties useful as a treatment for chronic heart failure.  "Hawthorn extract may be used as an oral treatment for chronic heart failure" although the trials did not all measure the same outcomes and several did not designate what conventional treatments the patients also received. Data obtained for meta-analysis was found "suggestive" of a benefit from hawthorn extract when used in combination with conventional treatments.

Hawthorn wood is dense and rot-resistant, and was used for fenceposts and other applications where a moist environment would be encountered. Hawthorn trees are noted as having magical properties in many Neolithic and medieval cultures. Superstitious people today still cling to a belief in faeries and other supernatural beings said to live in close association with the genus

Elm – Bark salve and poultices are used to treat gunshot wounds, chilblain, and on the abdomen to draw out fever. Bark tea is very high in calcium and helps increase the healing of injured bones, heal sore throats, soothe urinary and bowel issues, and to thwart diarrhea.
Elms take many decades to grow to maturity, and as the introduction of these disease-resistant cultivars is relatively recent, their long-term performance and ultimate size and form cannot be predicted with certainty.

The Romans, and more recently the Italians, used to plant elms in vineyards as supports for vines. Lopped at three metres, the elms' quick growth, twiggy lateral branches, light shade and root-suckering made them ideal trees for this purpose.

Elm bark, cut into strips and boiled, sustained much of the rural population of Norway during the great famine of 1812. The seeds are particularly nutritious, comprising 45% crude protein, and less than 7% fibre by dry mass.

Thursday, August 21, 2014

Extreme Reforestation Spain

By Liliana Usvat
Blog 225-365

I started this Blog because of a trip in Spain. We drove for hours and the mountains had no vegetation. So I decided that If I can make a small difference with my opinions and research in reforestation it will be worth to try.

I figure it that massive logging was the cause of decline of Roman Empire. The land lost the soil that could maintain life. But there are 2000 years since the decline of the Roman Empire and something should have been done in all those years. The climate is so hot in Spain that last year we walk on 45 degree Celsius. And this is not normal and it can be prevented with minimum effort. But it should be some effort.

In meantime I found out about permaculture a new concept of food forest implemented and developed on different continents that I consider a blessing for the society if it is applied.

So let's see what is happening in the reforestation sector in Spain in these days.














It is so easy to destroy the environment and the forests let's see how hard is to replant in Spain.
This is so  countries such Canada Romania, Brazil, Madagascar to pay attention, what happens  when large amount of forests are destroyed.

Reforestation Projects Spain

  •  The Green Deserts trees planted February 2012 at Sant Boi de Llobregat Barcelona Spain
    
They have made terasses with a crane and planted in the solid rocks
They hope that within 5 years this area will be covered with trees without having used irrigation
Solid rocks challenge the trees
  • Los Desiertos Verdes trees that were planted in 2011 at Sant Boi de Llobregat Barcelona Spain
  • The Green Deserts trees that were planted in 2011 at San Mateo de Gallego Zaragossa Spain
  •  Los Desiertos Verdes trees that survived one year after using the Groasis Waterboxx at San Mateo de Gallego Zaragossa Spain

A combination of a Pine (Pinus nigra)  with a bush Kermes Oak (Quercus coccifera)












This is not a fertile soil but a bunch of small rocks and stones
  • Los Desiertos Verdes successful reforestation of a garbage dump at Fuensaldana Province of Valladolid Spain

Valladolid makes wasted land productive again without using energy for pumps and scarce water for irrigation

 
The water boxes produce their own water they never have to be filled after planting

  • Controlling the results of Riofriste de Aliste plantings in the North of Spain

Riofrio plants over 2000 productive trees. This area was completely burned several years ago no tree survived

Well growing Chestnut one month old on May 28 - 2012
  •  The Green Deserts successful reforestation of mine dumps from Grupo Cupa at Riofriste de Aliste Spain

Above the slate mines were growing trees the objective of Live+ Project is to restore this.
Every 5 minutes a giant truck passes loaded with rocks.
The saplings have to re-establish and re-cover the eroded area. What are the odds that this would happen.


The waterboxx planting any impossible to plant place - rocks - eroded or arid areas - without using energy for pumps and without spilling scarse water to irrigation
  • 1600 to 2000 meter high Ski Resort San Isidro Province of Leon Espana












 
 Without waterboxx the saplings are destroyed because of the meters of snow  on it, that move slowly downwards during winter
















A nice view of a box on approximately 1900 meters high